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Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)

Accepted
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymCerna gigas (Brünnich, 1768)
synonymCernua gigas Costa, 1849
synonymEpinephelus brachysoma Cope, 1871
synonymEpinephelus gauza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymEpinephelus gigas (Brünnich, 1768)
synonymEpinephelus guaza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymEpinephelus quaza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymEpoinephelus gauza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymHolocentrus gigas (Brünnich, 1768)
synonymLabrus guaza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymLabrus gvaza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymPerca gigas Brünnich, 1768
synonymSerranus aspersus Jenyns, 1840
synonymSerranus cernioides De Brito Capello, 1867
synonymSerranus fimbriatus Lowe, 1838
synonymSerranus gigas (Brünnich, 1768)
synonymSerranus guaza (not of Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymSerranus marginatus Lowe, 1834
🗒 Common Names
No Data
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Marine
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
Contributors 
Thomas Vattakaven
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    No Data
    📚 Natural History
    Life Cycle
    A monandric species . In Europe, sex reversal occurs when females are about 14-17 years of age and between 80 to 90 cm TL . From another study, sex change occurs at 88 cm TL and 12 years of age . Protogynous hermaphrodite species, reaching its first sexual maturity as female at 5 years and becoming male after 10 years (some females remain so for some more years). Spawning happens during the summer.
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Size
    Max Length

    150 TL (unsexed) 

    Size

    150 cm TL (male/unsexed; ); max. published weight: 60.0 kg ; max. reported age: 50 years

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Gothel, H. 1992 Fauna marina del Mediterraneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. Gothel, H. 1992 Fauna marina del Mediterraneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p.
    Trophic Strategy
    Prefers rocky bottoms . Solitary and territorial . Juveniles are found closer to shore in rocky tidal pools . Feeds on crabs and octopi; larger individuals feed on a greater proportion of fishes, the majority of which are reef-associated species . Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates . Increase of nutritional requirements during the life cycle is satisfied by predating on larger prey instead of a greater number of preys .
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p.
    No Data
    📚 Habitat and Distribution
    General Habitat
    Habitat reef-associated; marine; depth range 8 - 300 m , usually ? - 50 m
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Reiner, F. 1996 Catalogo dos peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR No. 2. 339 p. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Description
    Remark

    Outside distributional range. Not in Ref. 4787, 5222. 

    Occurrence

    questionable 

    Distribution

    Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: throughout the Mediterranean Sea and from the British Isles round to the southern tip of Africa to southern Mozambique and Madagascar. Southwest Atlantic: southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    No Data
    📚 Occurrence
    No Data
    📚 Demography and Conservation
    Conservation Status
    Endangered (EN) (A2d), IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    No Data
    📚 Uses and Management
    Uses
    fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=6470, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User"s manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. Crawford, R. 1993 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida.
    No Data
    📚 Information Listing
    References
    Overview > Diagnostic > Diagnostic Keys
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Natural History > Life Cycle
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Natural History > Size
    1. Gothel, H. 1992 Fauna marina del Mediterraneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. Gothel, H. 1992 Fauna marina del Mediterraneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p.
    Natural History > Trophic Strategy
    1. van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p.
    Habitat and Distribution > General Habitat
    1. Reiner, F. 1996 Catalogo dos peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR No. 2. 339 p. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
    1. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
    Demography and Conservation > Conservation Status
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    Uses and Management > Uses
    1. Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User"s manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. Crawford, R. 1993 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida.
    No Data
    📚 Meta data
    No Data
    🐾 Taxonomy
    RootRoot
    KingdomAnimalia
    PhylumChordata
    ClassActinopterygii
    OrderPerciformes
    FamilySerranidae
    GenusEpinephelus
    SpeciesEpinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834)
    📊 Temporal Distribution
    📷 Related Observations
    👥 Groups
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