Fumaria species are erect or diffuse annual to short lived perennial herbs sometimes scandent. Root stocks taproot. Stem simple or branched, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves cauline alternate, opposite, 2-4 pinnatisect or ternatisect, basal leaves long petiolate and upper leaves shortly petiolate to sessile. Inflorescence racemose or subspicate, terminal or leaf opposed, bracts linear, shorter than pedicels. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, pink, purple and white, shortly pedicellate, Sepals 2, dentate, obsolete or small, petals 4, outer series dissimilar, connivent, upper petal gibbous, base spurred, apex hooded, lower petal not spurred, shorter concave and flat, inner series clawed, keeled, cohering at apex. Stamens 6, in 2 bundles, spur enclosed in a petal, upper bundle produced into a nectariferous gland at the base, anthers dimorphous. Ovary unilocular, subglobose, ovules 1-2, style base articulate, filiform, stigmas shortly bi-lobed or entire. Fruits indehiscent, single seeded nutlet, subglobose with 2 apical pits, rugulose or smooth. Seeds brown, non arillate.
Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Fumaria caespitosa Loscos |
synonym | Fumaria camerarii Bubani |
synonym | Fumaria chavini Reut. |
synonym | Fumaria laggeri Jord. |
synonym | Fumaria officinalis Hohen. |
synonym | Fumaria schrammii Nyman |
synonym | Fumaria spicata Balb. ex Parl. |
synonym | Fumaria tenuiflora Janka ex Nyman |
synonym | Fumaria tenuisecta Syme |
synonym | Fumaria vaillantii f. longibracteata Panov |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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Sanskrit |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 358-359. 1809
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Fumaria species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: April-June.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., dispersal by wind, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Diffuse or weak suberect climbing herbs about 10-30 m tall. Root stocks taproot. Stem much branched, leafy throughout and glabrous. Leaves many, lanceolate-triangular in outline, base vaginate, about 3-9 x 1.5-4.5 cm across, petiole slender, wider near the base, about 0.5-2 cm long, 2-3 pinnate, decompound, deeply laciniately dissected, 3-7, alternate, subopposite, lanceolate or triangular shaped lateral and terminal pinnae, about 10-25 mm long, pinnae and petiolules near the base larger becoming shorter towards the apex of the leaf, petiolules subsessile to sessile, ultimate segments linear oblong-lanceolate, flat, base cuneate, veins inconspicuous, apex acute or subacute. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or leaf opposed, about 6-12 flowered, peduncle short or subsessile, bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious, about 1-3 mm long. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic pinkish purple tipped with dark blackish red, shortly pedicellate, about 3 mm long, sepals 2, laciniate dentate, apex acute, about 0.8-1 x 0.4-0.6 mm across, petals 4, outer series dissimilar, connivent, upper petal gibbous, base spurred, about 5-6 mm long, lower petal spathulate, patent margins, with very narrow erect margin, inner series clawed, keeled, cohering at apex. Stamens 6, in 2 bundles, spur enclosed in a petal, upper bundle produced into a nectariferous gland at the base, anthers dimorphous. Ovary unilocular, subglobose, ovules 1-2, style base articulate, filiform, stigmas shortly bi-lobed or entire. Fruits indehiscent, single seeded nutlet, subglobose obscurely keeled on side, with 2 apical pits, smooth, about 2 mm across. Seeds brown, granular-rugose, non arillate.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Fumaria species are susceptible to insect pests, bacterial blights, moulds and rusts.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Weed in the cultivated fields, altitude above 600 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia; Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom; North America: United States of America.
Local Distribution
Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Used in ayurvedic medicine.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009154
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/24000329
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=1A807545512A6D4A137F7A9D589FE383?find_wholeName=Fumaria+vaillantii+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2815620
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 128.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 85.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023&parname=0
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 26 August 2014.
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009154
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/24000329
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=1A807545512A6D4A137F7A9D589FE383?find_wholeName=Fumaria+vaillantii+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2815620
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 128.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 85.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1023&parname=0
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 26 August 2014.
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Ranunculales |
Family | Papaveraceae |
Genus | Fumaria |
Species | Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations