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Sprattus sprattus European sprat

Sprattus sprattusis commonly referred to as European sprat. Difficulty in the aquarium: Non adatto agli acquari!. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.

Profilbild Urheber Erling Svensen, Norwegen

copyright Erling Svensen , Norwegen


Courtesy of the author Erling Svensen, Norwegen https://erlingsvensen.no/photos/cnidaria/

Uploaded by AndiV.

Image detail

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lexID:
4928 
AphiaID:
126425 
Scientific:
Sprattus sprattus 
German:
Europäische Sprotte 
English:
European Sprat 
Category:
 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Actinopterygii (Class) > Clupeiformes (Order) > Clupeidae (Family) > Sprattus (Genus) > sprattus (Species) 
Initial determination:
(Linnaeus, ), 1758 
Occurrence:
Straße von Gibralta, Russland, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the North Sea, Egypt, European Coasts, Israel, Morocco, Northern Africa, Portugal, Scandinavia, Spain, the British Isles, the Faroe Islands, the Isle of Man, the Mediterranean Sea 
Size:
4.72" - 6.3" (12cm - 16cm) 
Temperature:
37.4 °F - 86 °F (3°C - 30°C) 
Food:
Algae, Copepods, Crustaceans, Cyclops, Daphnia salina, Invertebrates, Krill, Mysis, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton 
Difficulty:
Non adatto agli acquari! 
Offspring:
None 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2012-12-31 16:59:37 

Info

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Special thanks for the foto to Rudolf Svensen, Danmark.

Distribution
Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea.

Biology:
Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds.
Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans.
Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs.
Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore.

Synonymised taxa:
Clupanodon phalerica Risso, 1827
Clupea latulus Cuvier, 1829
Clupea papalina Bonaparte, 1846
Clupea schoneveldii Krøyer, 1846
Clupea sprattus Linnaeus, 1758 (basionym)
Clupea sulinae Antipa, 1904
Meletta vulgaris Valenciennes, 1847
Spratella pumila Valenciennes, 1847
Spratella serdinka Nikolskii, 1923
Spratella sprattus
Sprattus sprattus phalerica (Risso, 1827)
Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1827)
Spratus spratus (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling).

Reports of ciguatera poisoning

Scientific paper

  1. Endoparasitic Helminths of the European Sprat,Sprattus sprattus(Linnaeus, 1758) from the gulf of Gdańsk (the Southern Baltic Sea) with a checklist of its parasites, Skrzypczak, M.; Rolbiecki, L. , 2015
  2. Environmental effects on sprat (Sprattus sprattus) physiology and growth at the distribution frontier: A bioenergetic modelling approach, Frisk, C.; Andersen, K.H.; Temming, A.; Herrmann, J.P.; Madsen, K.S.; Kraus, G. , 2015
  3. Erratum to: Relationships between feeding, growth and swimming activity of European sprat (Sprattus sprattusL.) post-larvae in the laboratory, Peck, Myron A.; Herrmann, Jens-Peter; Ewest, Bianca; Stäcker, Sven; Temming, Axel , 2015
  4. Relationships between feeding, growth and swimming activity of European sprat (Sprattus sprattusL.) post-larvae in the laboratory, Peck, Myron A.; Ewest, Bianca; Herrmann, Jens-Peter; Al-Misned, Fahad A.; Mortuza, M. Golam; Stäcker, Sven; Temming, Axel , 2015
  5. Surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in ice-free and ice-covered waters, Solberg, Ingrid; Kaartvedt, Stein , 2014
  6. Forage fish quality: seasonal lipid dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Baltic Sea, Rojbek, M. C.; Tomkiewicz, J.; Jacobsen, C.; Stottrup, J. G. , 2014
  7. Fish eggs and larvae in the diet of herringClupea harengus membrasLinnaeus, 1758 and the spratSprattus sprattus balticus(Schneider, 1904) (Clupeidae) in the Southeastern Baltic Sea, E. M. Karaseva,F. A. Patokina,N. A. Kalinina, 2013
  8. Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century, Eero, M., 2012
  9. Variations in proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus), Zygmunt Usydus; Joanna Szlifder-Richert; Maria Adamczyk, 2012
  10. Imprints from genetic drift and mutation imply relative divergence times across marine transition zones in a pan-European small pelagic fish (Sprattus sprattus), Limborg, M T; Hanel, R; Debes, P V; Ring, A K; André, C; Tsigenopoulos, C S; Bekkevold, D , 2012
  11. The ecophysiology of Sprattus sprattus in the Baltic and North Seas, Peck, Myron A.; Baumann, Hannes; Bernreuther, Matthias; Clemmesen, Catriona; Herrmann, Jens-Peter; Haslob, Holger; Huwer, Bastian; Kanstinger, Philipp; Köster, Fritz W.; Petereit, Christoph; Temming, Axel; Voss, Rudi , 2012
  12. Parasite communities and feeding ecology of the European sprat (Sprattus sprattusL.) over its range of distribution, Sonja Kleinertz; Sven Klimpel; Harry W. Palm, 2012
  13. An example of meso-scale hydrographic features in the central Baltic Sea and their influence on the distribution and vertical migration of sprat, Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schn.), DANIEL STEPPUTTIS; HANS-HARALD HINRICHSEN; UWE BÖTTCHER; EBERHARD GÖTZE; VOLKER MOHRHOLZ, 2011
  14. Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences ofOrtholinea orientalis(Shul’man and Shul’man-Albova, 1953) (Myxozoa, Ortholineidae) fromClupea harengusandSprattus sprattus(Clupeidae) from Denmark, Egil Karlsbakk; Marianne Køie, 2011
  15. Ecology and long-term forecasting of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) stock in the Baltic Sea: a review, Evald Ojaveer; Margers Kalejs, 2010
  16. Effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rates of sprat,Sprattus sprattusL., L. Meskendahl; J.-P. Herrmann; A. Temming, 2010
  17. Vertical distribution of eggs and larvae of the Baltic SpratSprattus sprattus balticus(Clupeidae) in relation to seasonal and diurnal variation, E. M. Karaseva; V. M. Ivanovich, 2010
  18. The influence of temperature on the development of Baltic Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus) eggs and yolk sac larvae, C. Petereit; H. Haslob; G. Kraus; C. Clemmesen, 2008
  19. Environmental factors influencing larval sprat Sprattus sprattus feeding during spawning time in the Baltic Sea, R. VOSS; M. DICKMANN; H.-H. HINRICHSEN; J. FLOETER, 2008
  20. Investigating the selective survival of summer- over spring-born sprat, Sprattus sprattus, in the Baltic Sea, Hannes Baumann; Rudi Voss; Hans-Harald Hinrichsen; Volker Mohrholz; Jörn O. Schmidt; Axel Temming, 2008
  21. Genetic variability inHysterothylacium aduncum, a raphidascarid nematode isolated from sprat (Sprattus sprattus) of different geographical areas of the northeastern Atlantic, Sven Klimpel; Sonja Kleinertz; Reinhold Hanel; Sonja Rückert, 2007
  22. Water uptake in herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) as a function of area, salinity and fat content, Joakim Hjelm; Malin Hultgren; Massimiliano Cardinale, 2006
  23. Inter-Annual Variation in Herring, Clupea harengus, and Sprat, Sprattus sprattus, Condition in the Central Baltic Sea: What Gives the Tune?, Michele Casini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Joakim Hjelm and Lennart Persson, 2006
  24. PCDD/Fs in sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) from the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, Mart Simm; Ott Roots; Jonne Kotta; Ain Lankov; Bernhard Henkelmann; Heqing Shen; Karl-Werner Schramm, 2006
  25. Recruitment variability in Baltic Sea sprat ( Sprattus sprattus ) is tightly coupled to temperature and transport patterns affecting the larval and early juvenile stages, Baumann, H; Hinrichsen, H -H; Möllmann, C; Köster, F W; Malzahn, A M; Temming, A , 2006
  26. Short-term decoupling of otolith and somatic growth induced by food level changes in postlarval Baltic sprat, Sprattus sprattus, Baumann, Hannes; Peck, Myron A.; Herrmann, Jens-Peter, 2005
  27. Estimating Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus S.) population sizes from egg production, Gerd Kraus; Friedrich W. Köster, 2004
  28. Effects of temperature on egg and larval survival of cod (Gadus morhua) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Baltic Sea – implications for stock development, Anders Nissling, 2004
  29. Comparing the feeding habits of co-occurring sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and cod (Gadus morhua) larvae in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea, Rüdiger Voss; Friedrich W. Köster; Miriam Dickmann, 2003
  30. Diel spatial distribution and feeding activity of herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Baltic Sea, Massimiliano Cardinale; Michele Casini; Fredrik Arrhenius; Nils Håkansson, 2003
  31. Vertical migration and dispersion of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) schools at dusk in the Baltic Sea, L.A.Fredrik Nilsson; Uffe Høgsbro Thygesen; Bo Lundgren; Bo Friis Nielsen; J.Rasmus Nielsen; Jan E. Beyer, 2003
  32. The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the growth of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Baltic Sea, Massimiliano Cardinale; Michèle Casini; Fredrick Arrhenius, 2002
  33. Variation of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) Larvae and Organic Contaminant Levels in Mixed Zooplankton from the Southern North Sea, L.D Peters; C Porte; D.R Livingstone, 2001
  34. Synoptic survey of pathological symptoms in herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Baltic Sea, Grygiel, W, 1999
  35. Pseudanthocotyloides heterocotyle (van Beneden, 1871) Euzet & Prost, 1969 (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea: Mazocraeidae), a parasite of herring Clupea harengus L. and sprat Sprattus sprattus L. (Teleostei: Clupeidae), Hassan Rahimian; Matt Longshaw; Ken MacKenzie; Jan Thulin, 1999
  36. A redescription of Pseudobacciger harengulae (Yamaguti, 1938) (Digenea: Faustulidae) from Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso) and Engraulis encrasicholus ponticus Alexandrov off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, with a review of the genus Pseudobacciger Nahhas & Cable, 1964, Georgi I. Dimitrov; Rodney A. Bray; David I. Gibson, 1999
  37. Larval growth of sprat, Sprattus sprattus phalericus, larvae in the Northern Adriatic, Jakov Dulčić, 1998
  38. Food intake and seasonal changes in energy content of young Baltic Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattusL.), Arrhenius, F, 1998
  39. Population parameters of sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus RISSO) from the Turkish Black Sea coast, Dursun Avsar, 1995
  40. Occurrence of 0-group sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the littoral zone along the Norwegian Skagerrak coast 1945–1992, compared with the occurrence of 0-group herring (Clupea harengus), E. Torstensen; J. Gjøsæter, 1995
  41. A stock differentiation study of the sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus Risso) off the southern coast of the Black Sea, Dursun Avsar, 1994
  42. Lipid and elemental composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) larvae at mixed and stratified sites in the German Bight of the North Sea, Håkanson, J, 1994
  43. Variation in Vitamin C content of sprat larvae (Sprattus sprattus) in the Irish Sea, A. M. Hapette; S. Coombs; R. Williams; S. A. Poulet, 1991
  44. Reproductive biology of sprat (Sprattus sprattus): Factors determining annual egg production, Alheit, J., 1988
  45. The food of immature sprat (Sprattus sprattus (L.)) and herring (Clupea harengus L.) in coastal waters of the North Sea, Last, J. M., 1987
  46. The Buoyancy and Vertical Distribution of Eggs of Sprat (Sprattus Sprattus) and Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus), Coombs, S. H.; Fosh, C. A.; Keen, M. A. , 1985
  47. Haemoglobin polymorphism and its ontogeny in herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus), N.P. Wilkins; T.D. Iles, 1982
  48. Some heavy metals in sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) from the inner Oslofjord, A.T. Andersen; A. Dommasnes; I.H. Hesthagen, 1973

External links

  1. FishBase (multi). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  2. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (en). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.

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copyright Erling Svensen , Norwegen
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