Abstract
Leaf spot diseases caused by fungi pose a serious threat to forage crops due to the reduced photosynthetic area, which dramatically affects yields. Aiming to expand knowledge of fungi causing leaf spot diseases in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) from southern Brazil, a comprehensive survey was undertaken. Seven species of plant pathogenic fungi were encountered. All species were identified by using a polyphasic approach combining morphological, ecological, and molecular sequences of seven genomic loci (actin, calmodulin, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, histone, ITS, LSU, and partial translation elongation factor 1-α). The pathogenicity of representative strains of each species was also tested after artificial inoculations. Cercospora sp. G, Colletotrichum plurivorum, and Exserohilum rostratum represent new-host associations, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Pyrenophora nobleae, and Pyricularia oryzae are newly reported for Brazil, and Curvularia lolii is newly described. These results form the basis to identify these diseases in the field, which in the future can help agronomists and farmers to design strategies for integrated control and management in crop-livestock production systems.
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The authors would also like to thank the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa – Pecuária Sul) for financially supporting this research.
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Financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES / finance code 001) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq / grant number 308149/2018–1).
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ADVA, EG, GMdS, AKF, and LJD designed and conceptualized the study. They also contributed to the collection of material and data analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ADVA, and all the authors read, commented, and contributed to making the final version of the manuscript.
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Victoria Arellano, A.D., Guatimosim, E., da Silva, G.M. et al. Fungi causing leaf spot diseases in Lolium multiflorum in Brazil. Mycol Progress 20, 1175–1190 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01727-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01727-3