Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Limonium

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ornamental Crops

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 11))

Abstract

Hybrids and cultivars of a relatively small number of Limonium (limonium) species are well known as fresh or dried cut flowers. In an industry that is always seeking novelty, opportunities to create new cultivars are constantly being sought. Despite there being upward of 150 species of limonium, only about 15–20 species or their hybrids are used in commerce. The genus is poorly described with considerable variation in estimates of the number of species. Many species hybridize naturally, a feature that breeders have utilized successfully for decades. However, other approaches are available for delivering novelty in limonium and could provide benefit to breeders, growers, and consumers. A range of techniques that augment conventional breeding programs have been reported for limonium, but the number of publications is relatively small. In this chapter, we provide an overview of opportunities for using the acknowledged diversity within the genus Limonium (limonium) so as to introduce novelty for the international cut-flower market. The diversity of the genus is introduced, along with a brief discussion on the breeding systems in limonium. Application of in vitro techniques to limonium is reviewed. These include hybridization, embryo rescue, ploidy manipulation, mutagenesis, and molecular breeding techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander M (1969) Differential staining of aborted and nonaborted pollen. Stain Technol 44(3):117–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker HG (1948) Dimorphism and monomorphism in the Plumbaginaceae .1. A survey of the family. Ann Bot 12(47):207–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker HG (1953a) Dimorphism and monomorphism in the Plumbaginaceae. 2. Pollen and stigmata in the genus Limonium. Ann Bot 17(67):433–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker HG (1953b) Dimorphism and monomorphism in the Plumbaginaceae .3. Correlation of geographical distribution patterns with dimorphism and monomorphism in Limonium. Ann Bot 17(68):615–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker HG (1966) Evolution functioning and breakdown of heteromorphic incompatibility systems .I. Plumbaginaceae. Evolution 20(3):349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biruk M, Nigussie K, Ali M (2013) Yield and quality of statice Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill as affected by cultivars and planting densities. African J Plant Sci 7(11):528–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burchi G, Mercatelli E, Maletta M, Mercuri A, Bianchini C, Schiva T (2006) Results of a breeding activity on Limonium spp. In: Schiva T (ed) Proceedings of the 22nd international Eucarpia symposium section ornamentals: breeding for beauty. Acta horticulturae, vol 714. pp 43–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Burge GK, Morgan ER (1993) Postpollination floral biology of Limonium-Perigrinum (Bergius). N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 21(4):337–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burge GK, Morgan ER, Konczak I, Seelye JF (1998) Postharvest characteristics of Limonium ‘Chorus magenta’ inflorescences. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 26(2):135–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardarelli M, Temperini M, Vitti D, Saccardo F (2002) Gamma rays induced mutagenesis in Limonium sinuatum. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=IT200306280

  • Casazza G, Savona M, Carli S, Minuto L, Profumo P (2002) Micropropagation of Limonium cordatum (L.) Mill for conservation purposes. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 77(5):541–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JY, Funnell KA, Morgan ER (2010) A model for scheduling flowering of a Limonium sinuatum × Limonium perezii hybrid. Hortscience 45(10):1441–1446

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortinhas A, Erben M, Paes AP, Santo DE, Guara-Requena M, Caperta AD (2015) Taxonomic complexity in the halophyte Limonium vulgare and related taxa (Plumbaginaceae): insights from analysis of morphological, reproductive and karyological data. Ann Bot 115(3):369–383. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan R, Ingrouille MJ, Lledo MD (1998) The taxonomic treatment of agamosperms in the genus Limonium Mill. (Plumbaginaceae). Folia Geobot 33(3):353–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darlington CD, Wylie AP (1956) Chromosome atlas of flowering plants, 2nd edn. McMillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Doi M, Reid MS (1995) Sucrose improves the postharvest life of cut flowers of a hybrid limonium. Hortscience 30(5):1058–1060

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dole JM, Wilkins HF (2005) Floriculture: principles and species. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulberger R (1975) Intermorph structural differences between stigmatic papillae and pollen grains in relation to incompatibility in Plumbaginaceae. Proc R Soc Lond B 188(1092):257–274. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1975.0018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funnell KA, Bendall M, Fountain WF, Morgan ER (2003) Maturity and type of cutting influences flower yield, flowering time, and quality in Limonium ‘Chorus Magenta’. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 31(2):139–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanks G (2015) A review of production statistics for the cut flower and foliage sector 2015 (part of AHDB Horticulture funded project PO BOF 002a). The National Cut Flower Centre, AHDB Horticulture:102

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada D (1992) How to grow Limonium. FloraCulture International Nov–Dec 1992, pp 22–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey IC, Morgan ER, Burge GK (2000) A canker of Limonium sp. caused by Phomopsis limonii sp nov. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 28(1):73–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosni AM, Hosni YA, Ebrahim MA (2000) In vitro micropropagation of Limonium sinnuatum ‘Citron Mountain’, a hybrid statice newly introduced in Egypt. Ann Agric Sci (Cairo) 45(1):327–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Ichimura K (1998) Improvement of postharvest life in several cut flowers by the addition of sucrose. Jarq-Japan Agric Res Q 32(4):275–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong JH, Murthy HN, Paek KY (2001) High frequency adventitious shoot induction and plant regeneration from leaves of statice. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 65(2):123–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karis PO (2004) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of Limonium sect. Pteroclados (Plumbaginaceae), based on morphological data. Bot J Linn Soc 144(4):461–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan Z, Santpere G, Traveset A (2012) Breeding system and ecological traits of the critically endangered endemic plant Limonium barceloi (Gil and Llorens) (Plumbaginaceae). Plant Syst Evol 298(6):1101–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0619-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kho YO, Baer J (1968) Observing pollen tubes by means of fluorescence. Euphytica 17(2):298–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimizu M, Yamamoto Y, Iwasaki T, Ohki S (2001) Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of beta-glucuronidase and luciferase genes in Limonium sinuatum. In: Sorvari S, Karhu S, Kanervo E, Pihakaski S (eds). Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, Tampere, Finland July 2000. Acta Horticulturae 560:181–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunitake H, Mii M (1990) Plant regeneration from cell culture-derived protoplasts of statice (Limonium perezii Hubbard). Plant Sci (Limerick) 70(1):115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(90)90039-q

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunitake H, Koreeda K, Mii M (1995) Morphological and cytological characteristics of protoplast-derived plants of statice (Limonium perezii Hubbard). Sci Hortic 60(3–4):305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(94)00713-P

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laguna E, Navarro A, Perez-Rovira P, Ferrando I, Pablo Ferrer-Gallego P (2016) Translocation of Limonium perplexum (Plumbaginaceae), a threatened coastal endemic. Plant Ecol 217(10):1183–1194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lledo MD, Crespo MB, Fay MF, Chase MW (2005) Molecular phylogenetics of Limonium and related genera (Plumbaginaceae): biogeographical and systematic implications. Am J Bot 92(7):1189–1198. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long PG, Funnell KA, Fountain WF, Bendall M, Morgan ER (2001) Control of a stem canker caused by Phomopsis limonii on Limonium ‘Chorus Magenta’. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 29(4):247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercuri A, Bruna S, Ld B, Burchi G, Schiva T (2001) Modification of plant architecture in Limonium spp. induced by rol genes. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 65(3):247–253. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010623309432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercuri A, Anfosso L, Burchi G, Bruna S, De Benedetti L, Schiva T (2003) Rol genes and new genotypes of Limonium gmelinii through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In: Blom T, Criley R (eds) Proceedings of 26th International Horticultural Congress. Elegant Science in Floriculture. Acta Horticulturae 624: 455-462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Burge GK, Seelye JF, Grant JE, Hopping ME (1995) Interspecific hybridization between Limonium perigrinum Bergius and Limonium purpuratum L. Euphytica 83(3):215–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Burge GK, Seelye JF, Hopping ME, Grant JE (1998) Production of inter-specific hybrids between Limonium perezii (Stapf) Hubb. and Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. Euphytica 102(1):109–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Burge GK, Seelye JF (2001) Limonium breeding: new options for a well known genus. In: Proceedings of the twentieth international Eucarpia symposium, section ornamentals: strategies for new ornamentals. Acta horticulturae, pp 39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Burge GK, Timmerman-Vaughan G, Grant JE (2009) Generating and delivering novelty in ornamental crops through interspecific hybridisation: some examples. In: VanTuyl JM, DeVries DP (eds) Xxiii international Eucarpia symposium, section ornamentals: colourful breeding and genetics, vol 836. Acta horticulturae, pp 97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan E, Timmerman-Vaughan G, Conner A, Griffin W, Pickering R (2011) Plant interspecific hybridization: outcomes and issues at the intersection of species. Plant Breed Rev 34:161–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori S, Yamane T, Yahata M, Shinoda K, Murata N (2016) Chromosome doubling in Limonium bellidifolium (Gouan) Dumort. by colchicine treatment of seeds. Hortic J 85(4):366–371. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.MI-117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios C, Rossello JA, Gonzalez-Candelas F (2000) Study of the evolutionary relationships among Limonium species (Plumbaginaceae) using nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 14(2):232–249. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Philosoph-Hadas S, Golan O, Rosenberger I, Salim S, Kochanek B, Meir S (2005) Efficiency of 1-MCP in neutralizing ethylene effects in cut flowers and potted plants following simultaneous or sequential application. In: Marissen N, VanDoorn WG, VanMeeteren U (eds) Proceedings of the Viiith international symposium on postharvest physiology of ornamental plants. Acta horticulturae, vol 669, pp 321–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelye JF, Maddocks DJ, Burge GK, Morgan ER (1994) Shoot regeneration from leaf-disks of Limonium-perigrinum using thidiazuron. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 22(1):23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura M, Ito A, Suto K, Okabayashi H, Ichimura K (1997) Effects of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and sucrose on the vase life of hybrid Limonium. Postharvest Biol Technol 12(3):247–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(97)00062-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitti D, Fiocchetti F, Tucci M (2002) Chemical mutagenesis of Limonium sinuatum. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=IT2003062030

  • Zhang C (1995) Exploration of Limonium interspecific breeding possibility: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Ed Morgan & Keith Funnell

Authors
  1. Ed Morgan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Keith Funnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ed Morgan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium

    Johan Van Huylenbroeck

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Morgan, E., Funnell, K. (2018). Limonium . In: Van Huylenbroeck, J. (eds) Ornamental Crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_21

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation